ABSTRACT
Among the well-known Health care-associated infections [HAIs], surgical site infections [SSIs] contribute to considerable high mortality and morbidity rate, substantial prolongation in hospitalization period and extra expenses in terms of treatment cost. This study was aimed to evaluate the predictive variables associated with surgical site infections, and their clinical consequences. This was a prospective, cross sectional study conducted in the surgical department of tertiary care setting in Karachi, Pakistan. Each patient was followed up from the time of admission until time of the discharge postoperatively for 30 days. A total of 554 surgical procedures were performed and 81 SSIs were identified. The predictor variable/risk factors significantly associated with the presence of SSI were age, gender, BMI, ASA score, co-morbid condition, surgical wound class, emergency surgeries, duration of surgery, type of anesthesia, prosthetic implant, pre operative length of stay and pre operative blood transfusion. Outcomes of such studies may be utilized in the design of a multi factorial practice to get better patient's safety and clinical outcomes
ABSTRACT
Irrational, over and misuse of antibiotics arise as global concern in both hospital and community settings and lead to adverse events including antimicrobial resistance, associated health problems, amplified hospitalization stay and cost. Hence, Drug Utilization Evaluation [DUE] studies are designed to evaluate and improve the prescribing, administration and the rational use of medications. The present study was designed to assess the pattern of antimicrobial drug utilization in in-patients cohort of tertiary care setup in Karachi, Pakistan. This cross sectional observational study was conducted in retrospective manner. World health organization [WHO] guidelines and criteria are considered to evaluate the appropriateness of drug use in various disease conditions. ATC/DDD system was applied to determine the study outcome. High frequency of antibiotics utilization found in respiratory tract infections of both lower [LRTI] 16.8% [n=42] and upper [UTI] 13.2% [n=33]. The estimated total number of drug units administered per month was greater with cefixime [46] and ciprofloxacin [45] both. DDD/100 bed days drug utilization of antibiotics was higher with ciprofloxacin, cefexime and meropenem [47, 46 and 29.25] correspondingly. In conclusion, the current investigation signifies extensive scope for progress in prescribing trend. Drug adherence to customary guidelines of disease management and constraint policies to endorse judicious drug use may be considered vital in healthcare setup